Social laws in Oman: what foreigners must know about public life

Oman is relaxed and safe, but its laws reflect Islamic values and a conservative society. Most rules are common sense; a few surprise newcomers. Here is what residents and visitors need to know, based on the Penal Code (Royal Decree 7/2018) and related laws.

Alcohol

Alcohol is legal for non-Muslims but tightly controlled. It is served in licensed hotels, restaurants and clubs and sold in licensed shops. Drinking in public places, being drunk in public and drink-driving are offences, and Oman has a zero-tolerance approach to driving after drinking. Alcohol must not be given to Muslims.

Dress and behaviour in public

Modest dress is expected in public: shoulders and knees covered for men and women in malls, souqs, government offices and villages. Swimwear belongs at beaches and pools. Public displays of affection beyond holding hands are frowned upon, and offensive gestures or swearing in public, including in traffic, can lead to prosecution.

Ramadan

During Ramadan, eating, drinking and smoking in public during daylight hours are prohibited for everyone, including non-Muslims. Many restaurants close by day or serve behind screens, and working hours are shortened. Evenings are lively, with iftar gatherings and late-opening shops.

Relationships and family law

Sexual relations outside marriage are criminal offences under the Penal Code, and same-sex relations are also criminalised. In practice, unmarried couples should be discreet; hotels and landlords may ask for a marriage certificate. Family matters for Muslims are governed by the Personal Status Law; non-Muslim residents can often apply their own rules on marriage and inheritance through their embassies and courts, but legal advice is essential.

Speech, media and the internet

Criticising the Sultan, the government or religion, spreading rumours or content considered offensive to public morals, including on social media and messaging apps, can lead to prosecution under the Penal Code and the Cyber Crime Law. Photographing people without consent and sharing their images online is also an offence.

Drugs

Drug laws are strict. Possession of even small amounts of illegal drugs leads to prison and deportation, and some prescription medicines need approval before you bring them into the country.

Driving

Traffic laws are enforced with cameras and heavy fines. Using a phone while driving, not wearing a seatbelt and driving a dirty car (yes, it can be fined) are common violations. Accidents must be reported to the police.

Everyday courtesy

• Greet before you ask; politeness is expected in shops and offices.
• Use your right hand to give and receive.
• Ask permission before photographing anyone, especially women.
• Keep your voice down in public and avoid confrontations.

How R2LUX helps

We brief every client on the practical side of living in Oman, from leases to residency. Three homes in communities with large international populations are below.